OIL, PROTEIN, AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT VARIATION IN FOREIGHN SESAME
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Summary. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a major oilseed crop valued for both its high oil content and nutritional protein. The present study evaluated variation in seed oil content, crude protein, and photosynthetic pigment composition (chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids) among 11 foreighn accessions and a local control variety Tashkentskiy-122. Oil was determined by Soxhlet extraction (GOST 10857-64), protein by the Kjeldahl method (factor 6.25), and pigments by spectrophotometry in 96% ethanol at three phenological phases. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and a Combined Productivity Index (CPI) were applied. Oil content ranged from 43.76% K-598 (China) to 53.23% K-9549 (India); protein from 18.33% K-98 (Armenia) to 20.95% Tashkentskiy-122. Total chlorophyll varied from 1.48 to 1.98 mg g⁻¹ f.w. All traits showed highly significant genotypic differences (p < 0.001). PCA revealed that pigment variation (PC1+PC2 = 73.5%) is structurally independent from seed oil-protein variation (PC3 = 15.3%), indicating that leaf photosynthetic indices cannot predict seed biochemical composition. K-1185 (Tajikistan) and K-1396 (Kenya) showed the highest CPI among foreighn accessions. The results provide a basis for targeted selection of sesame germplasm for nutritional quality improvement.
